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Aalami, F B (1998) Using construction method models to generate four-dimensional production models, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Abraham, K A (2015) Influencing the design decision process: Information visualization in multi-criteria decision support systems for early-stage building design, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Akbas, R (2003) Geometry-based modeling and simulation of construction processes, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Akinci, B H (2000) Automatic generation of work spaces and analysis of time-space conflicts at construction sites, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Arnold, J A (2000) Information interoperation for internet-based component engineering analysis, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Benjamin, N B H (1969) Competitive bidding for building construction contracts, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Boice, J R (1970) A history and evaluation of the school construction systems development project, 1961-1967, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Bowen, R M (1978) Valuation of capitalized interest on construction expenditures in the electric utility industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Broemser, G M (1968) Competitive bidding in the construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Carr, R I J (1971) Synthesis of uncertainty in construction planning, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Casady, C B (2019) Assessing public-private partnership (PPP) governance, institutionalization, and market maturity in the United States and abroad, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Chan, C H F (2010) To talk or to fight? Collective effects of strategic, cultural, and institutional factors on investors' renegotiation approach in public-private concessions, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Chen, S (2013) Scheduling, contracting, and capacity planning in project-based supply chains, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Cheng, J (2005) A simulation access language and framework with applications to project management, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Chi, C S-F (2010) How host country and transnational institutions interact on international infrastructure projects in less developed countries: Case studies of high-speed rail projects in China and Taiwan, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Christiansen, T R (1994) Modeling efficiency and effectiveness of coordination in engineering design teams, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Clevenger, C M (2010) Design guidance: Assessing process challenge, strategy, and exploration, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Domingo, L (2023) Influence of method and media interventions in creative remote design team collaboration, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Dong, N (2012) Automated look-ahead schedule generation and optimization for the finishing phase of complex construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Ekstrom, M A (2002) Accounting for rater credibility when evaluating construction industry service providers, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

El-Bibany, H E-D (1992) Architecture for human-computer design, management and coordination in a collaborative AEC environment, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Fergusson, K J (1993) Impact of integration on industrial facility quality, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Fischer, M A (1991) Using construction knowledge during preliminary design of reinforced concrete structures, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Flint, M M (2014) A modular framework for performance-based durability engineering, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Frank, M (2017) Uncovering hidden demands of global learners: Mind and body in a PBL context, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Froese, T M (1992) Integrated computer-aided project management through standard object-oriented models, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Fuyama, H (1993) Computer assisted conceptual structural design of steel buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Gane, V (2011) Design scenarios methodology: enabling requirements-driven design spaces, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Gao, J (2011) A characterization framework to document and compare BIM implementations on construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Garcia-Lopez, N P (2017) An activity and flow-based construction model for managing on-site work, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Gasparro, K E (2019) Crowdfunding our cities: Three perspectives on stakeholder dynamics during innovative infrastructure delivery, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Grey Rodriguez, F C (2019) Space-mate: A framework to harmonize occupant well-being and building sustainability, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

• Type: Thesis
• Keywords: complexity; emergence; funding; government; infrastructure construction; infrastructure delivery; investment; local government; partnership; payment; stakeholders; case study
• ISBN/ISSN:
• URL: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2468376104
• Abstract:
  Knowledge workers, i.e. employees, students, and faculty, are an institution's greatest asset. Nevertheless, studies show that: 1) Poor health, lost productivity and active disengagement of knowledge workers cost the U. S. economy over $1. 3 trillion dollars per year. 2) Knowledge workers, like most occupants, spend 90% of their time in buildings. 3) Buildings consume 73% of U. S. electricity and generate 39% of U. S. greenhouse gas emissions. These are key drivers of the Space-Mate study asking an overarching question:How can we harmonize knowledge worker well-being and building sustainable performance?Traditionally, the interaction between occupants and buildings has been represented using occupant comfort models and building performance simulation tools. The purpose of occupant comfort models is to provide neutral indoor environments which reduce negative impacts on the occupant. These models are discrete, deterministic and based on aggregated, qualitative survey data. They do not differentiate between individuals nor consider quantitative occupant psycho-physiological state and well-being variables nor the activities that the occupants are performing. Building performance models consider occupants as building internal loads. Occupant behavior is complex and stochastic, yet current building performance models represent occupant behavior as discrete, deterministic and unchanging in hour-long periods of time. This leads to questionable results and a known gap between the model and the building's actual performance. The Space-Mate study builds on 3 research areas that provided theoretical and practical points of departure: built environment, affective computing, and physiology. Built environment research efforts to monitor and model occupants in buildings have focused on detecting the occupant spatial location, their energy-related occupant behavior, and their subjective awareness of the impact of building indoor environmental quality (IEQ) on their well-being. These models are used as input to simulation tools with the goal of predicting the building performance with an emphasis on energy consumption. These approaches do not consider monitoring, modeling or simulating the occupant variable psycho-physiological state, nor the dynamic interaction between the occupant and the building IEQ, and its impact on building energy consumption. Affective computing monitoring and modelling methods rely on wearable sensor data and implement machine learning algorithms to identify and predict psycho-physiological well-being indicators but do not monitor the built environment surrounding their participants, nor do they provide multi-variable models to represent the participant's composite psycho-physiological state. Physiology research methodologies use fixed or wearable sensors to monitor athletes' physiological parameters. However, their focus is on high-intensity exercise activities. Extant research does not consider low-intensity activities typical of knowledge work. Consequently, their existing artificial intelligence models are inaccurate for these types of activity levels. To address these challenges, I formalized the following research questions:RQ1: How can we dynamically track occupant spatial, temporal, psycho-physiological states?RQ2: How can we model variations in the occupant state?RQ3: How can we model the interaction between the occupant state and the building state?RQ4: How can we simulate the dynamic interaction data flow between the occupant and the building towards harmonizing occupant well-being and building performance?The Space-Mate study leverages a three-step methodology, Monitor-Model-Simulate. The units of analysis were one occupant inside one interior room of the building. The occupants were volunteer participants in the AEC Global Teamwork course at Stanford University. The data was collected during their weekly 2-hour project meetings. The Monitor step of Space-Mate consists of a concurrent occupant psycho-physiological state and building indoor environment data collection which uncovers the variability of bot the occupant well-being and building interior environment as a function of the occupant activities. I developed an instrumentation and data collection protocol and collected ten data types—five occupant psycho-physiological variables, three building room variables, and two context variables. Two correlated and synchronized occupant-building datasets were collected in 2017 and 2018, for a total of 33 meetings. Towards gaining an understanding of the occupant-building datasets, I developed interactive big data analysis and visualization applications to detect variability and patterns reflecting the duration and transitions of states for the occupant, the building room and the context variables. The Model step used the correlated and synchronized occupant-building datasets for the development, training, testing, and validation of four analysis models:1. An Occupant State Classification model defines and classifies a finite set of occupant psycho-physiological states through unsupervised and supervised machine learning classification. 2. An Occupant State Transition model implements a Markov chain model to represent the transition probabilities between occupant psycho-physiological states. 3. An Activity Duration and Transition model predicts the duration of an activity during the meeting and represents the transition probabilities between activities with a Markov chain. 4. A Building State Transition Neural Network model implements a neural network time-series model to predict the variations in the building indoor environment state as influenced by the occupant psycho-physiological state. The Simulate step integrates the four analysis models into a novel Space-Mate framework. The Space-Mate framework is based on a 6-step iterative cycle that represents the dynamic interaction data flow between the occupant and building collaborating towards positively impacting the occupant psycho-physiological state in support of the occupant activity and managing the building sustainable performance. Space-Mate presents an innovative perspective by assigning agency to both the occupant and the building, enabling them to work together taking into consideration their independent goals, constraints, and preferences. The Monitor-Model-Simulate methodology and the Space-Mate framework provided the road map of the Space-Mate study and implementation of the Space-Mate simulation prototype presented in this dissertation. To test and demonstrate the feasibility of the Space-Mate framework, I developed a prototype implementing the 6-step Space-Mate simulation. The simulation results indicate that the Space-Mate decision-making framework can lead up to 35% improvement in occupant well-being. When the occupant and building work together, similar improvements in occupant well-being can be achieved with up to 65% less energy consumption than when they work independently. The development of Space-Mate led to contributions to knowledge, technology, practice, and the three areas of research that informed the points of departure for this study. The contributions propose a protocol for concurrent occupant and building instrumentation and data collection, correlated and synchronized occupant-building datasets, a Big Data Analysis and Visualization application to study any combination of time-series data, and visualize content in context; four analysis models, the Space-Mate framework, and the Space-Mate simulation prototype that is customizable and scalable. Findings from the data analysis and visualization indicate: 1) Patterns of data variability, 2) Loss of variability and increase in error result from data aggregation, and 3) Data variability by individual and by activity. In closing, Space-Mate limitations and future research directions are discussed.

Guikema, S D (2003) Optimal resource allocation in an engineering design team with asymmetric information, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Hall, D M (2017) The early stages of integrated project delivery: Institutionalization and impact on adoption of systemic innovations, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Hamledari, H (2021) Impact assessment of blockchain-enabled smart contracts on the visibility of construction payments, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Hampson, K D (1994) Technology strategy and competitive performance: A study of bridge construction, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Hansen, K L (1993) How strategies happen: An investigation of the decision to upgrade CAD/CIE in architectural, engineering, and construction firms, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Harkola, J (1995) Diffusion of construction technology: In a Japanese firm, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Hartmann, T (2008) A grassroots model of decision support system implementations by construction project teams, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Haymaker, J (2004) The perspective approach: Enabling engineers to construct and integrate views and generate an evolving project model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Hinze, J W (1976) The effect of middle management on safety in construction, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Horii, T (2005) Impact of multiple normative systems on the organizational performance of international joint ventures, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Javernick Will, A N (2009) Mobilizing institutional knowledge for international projects: The relative importance, acquisition and transfer of institutional knowledge for international firms, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Jooste, S F (2010) Exploring the networks of organizations that enable and govern infrastructure public-private partnerships: An organizational field-level perspective, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Kam, C K H (2005) Dynamic decision breakdown structure: Ontology, methodology, and framework for information management in support of decision-enabling tasks in the building industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Kang, S-C (2006) Computer planning and simulation of construction erection processes using single or multiple cranes, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Khanzode, A R (2011) An integrated virtual design and construction and lean (IVL) method for coordination of mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) systems, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Kim, J (2007) Temporary structure planning ontology, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Kim, J I (2016) Framework for dynamic generation and evaluation of excavation schedules for hard rock tunnels in preconstruction and construction, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Kim, J I (2014) Methodology for the application of BIM-based decision support methods to evaluate sustainability metrics for master plans of a large-scale development, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Kim, K (2002) Distributed coordination of project schedule changes: An agent-based compensatory negotiation approach, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Koo, B (2004) Formalizing construction sequence constraints for the rapid generation of scheduling alternatives, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Lee, Y (2020) A methodology to align the logistical requirements of prefabricated wall panels, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Li, W X (2015) A performance management methodology for collaborative design and construction project teams, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Liston, K M (2009) A mediated interaction approach to study the role of media use in team interaction, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Liu, R (2021) Impact of enhanced context-awareness for construction field crews on task cycle time, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Lo, T Y J (2021) Innovation management in the construction industry: Innovation performance indicators for AECOO organizations, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Mahalingam, A (2006) Understanding and mitigating institutional costs on global projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Martin, C E (1999) Riveting: Steel technology, building codes, and the production of modern places, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Mason, G E (1973) A quantitative risk management approach to the selection of construction contract provisions, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Min, J U (2004) Supply chain visualization through web services integration, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Mitropoulos, P (1996) Technology adoption decisions in construction organizations, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Morkos, R (2014) Operational efficiency frontier: Visualizing, manipulating, and navigating the construction scheduling state space with precedence, discrete, and disjunctive constraints, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Mourgues, C (2009) Method to produce field instructions from product and process models, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Ng, F P (2003) Quantity and pricing decisions in the presence of advance contracts, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Nikkhoo, P (2022) A systematic method to reduce the duration impact of change events on construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

O'Brien, W J (1998) Capacity costing approaches for construction supply-chain management, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Orr, R J (2005) Unforeseen conditions and costs on global projects: Learning to cope with unfamiliar institutions, embeddedness and emergent uncertainty, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Peterman, A (2013) The roles within: Building energy conservation in the United States through alliance networks and other voluntary strategies, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Phan, D H D (1993) The primitive-composite (p-c) approach: A methodology for developing sharable object-oriented data representations for facility engineering integration, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Piao, Y (2020) Case studies to determine the effect of applying blockchain technology and building information modeling on the workflow of water infrastructure projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Porter, K A (2000) Assembly-based vulnerability of buildings and its uses in seismic performance evaluation and risk-management decision-making, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Salazar-Kish, J M (2001) Modeling concurrency tradeoffs and their effects on project duration and rework, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Sanvido, V E (1984) Designing productivity management and control systems for construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Senescu, R R (2011) Design process communication methodology, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

Sheffer, D A (2011) Innovation in modular industries: Implementing energy-efficient innovations in us buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

South, A J (2019) Stakeholder network dynamics and the governance of public-private partnerships, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Stanford University.

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